ISO 13857 2008 PDF: How to Calculate and Measure Safety Distances for Upper and Lower Limbs
What is ISO 13857 2008?
If you work with machines or equipment that pose a risk of injury or harm to people, you need to ensure that they are safe and compliant with the relevant standards. One of these standards is ISO 13857 2008, which provides guidance on how to determine the safety distances to prevent hazards from reaching people.
ISO 13857 2008 PDF
In this article, we will explain what ISO 13857 2008 is, how to use it, what are its benefits and challenges, and how to get it in PDF format. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of this important standard and how it can help you improve your machine safety.
Scope
ISO 13857 2008 is an international standard that specifies the safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs (arms) and lower limbs (legs) of people of three age groups (children of three years or less, children older than three years but younger than fourteen years, adults) in industrial environments.
The standard applies to machinery where a part of the human body could enter a danger zone due to reaching over, under, around or through a guard. The standard does not apply to machinery where access by climbing over guards is foreseeable or where other parts of the human body such as head, torso or feet could enter danger zones.
The objective of the standard is to provide a method for calculating safety distances that take into account various factors such as body dimensions, clothing, speed of movement, nature and frequency of access, type and severity of hazard, etc.
Terms and definitions
How to use ISO 13857 2008?
General principles
To use ISO 13857 2008, you need to follow some general principles that are common to all machine safety standards. These include:
Identify the hazards and assess the risks associated with the machine or equipment.
Eliminate or reduce the hazards and risks as much as possible by applying the hierarchy of controls (intrinsic safety, safeguarding, complementary protective measures, information for use).
Determine the safety distances to prevent access to the danger zones by applying the methods and formulas provided in the standard.
Verify and validate the safety distances by testing and measuring them in real conditions.
Document and communicate the safety distances and the associated requirements and instructions to the relevant stakeholders (operators, maintenance personnel, inspectors, etc.).
Safety distances
The core of ISO 13857 2008 is the calculation and measurement of safety distances. The standard provides two methods for determining safety distances: one for reaching over protective structures (such as fences or barriers) and one for reaching through openings (such as gaps or holes) in protective structures.
The method for reaching over protective structures is based on the following formula:
S = K x C + D + E
Where:
S is the safety distance in millimeters.
K is a constant that depends on the age group of the person (1.5 for children of three years or less, 2 for children older than three years but younger than fourteen years, 2.5 for adults).
C is the height of the protective structure in millimeters.
D is a constant that depends on the type of hazard (200 for crushing hazards, 120 for shearing or cutting hazards, 80 for other hazards).
E is a constant that depends on the frequency and duration of access (0 for occasional access, 50 for frequent access, 100 for continuous access).
The method for reaching through openings in protective structures is based on the following table:
Opening size (mm)
Safety distance (mm)
0 - 6
No limit
6 - 8
10
8 - 10
20
10 - 12
80
12 - 20
100
20 - 30
120
30 - 40
40 - 120
850 + opening size
120 - 240
1350 + opening size/2
> 240
No limit
The table shows the minimum safety distance for each opening size. The opening size is the smallest dimension of the opening (length or width). The safety distance is measured from the hazard to the nearest point of the opening.
Examples
To illustrate how to use ISO 13857 2008, let's look at some examples of different types of machines and hazards.
Example 1: A conveyor belt with a crushing hazard at the end. The conveyor belt is guarded by a fence that is 1.2 meters high. The fence has openings of 10 mm in diameter. The access to the conveyor belt is occasional.
To calculate the safety distance for reaching over the fence, we use the formula:
S = K x C + D + E
Assuming that the age group of the person is adult, we have:
K = 2.5
C = 1200
D = 200
E = 0
Therefore:
S = 2.5 x 1200 + 200 + 0 = 3200 mm
This means that the fence should be at least 3.2 meters away from the crushing hazard.
To calculate the safety distance for reaching through the openings in the fence, we use the table:
The opening size is 10 mm, which corresponds to a safety distance of 80 mm. This means that the openings in the fence should be at least 80 mm away from the crushing hazard.
Example 2: A circular saw with a cutting hazard at the blade. The circular saw is guarded by a cover that has an opening of 30 mm in width and 100 mm in length. The access to the circular saw is frequent.
To calculate the safety distance for reaching through the opening in the cover, we use the table:
The opening size is 30 mm, which corresponds to a safety distance of 120 mm. This means that the opening in the cover should be at least 120 mm away from the cutting hazard.
To calculate the safety distance for reaching over the cover, we use the formula:
S = K x C + D + E
Assuming that the age group of the person is adult, we have:
K = 2.5
C = height of cover (unknown)
D = 120
Therefore:
S = 2.5 x C + 120 + 50
This means that the height of the cover should be such that the safety distance is satisfied. For example, if the cover is 0.5 meters high, then:
S = 2.5 x 500 + 120 + 50 = 1430 mm
This means that the cover should be at least 1.43 meters away from the cutting hazard.
What are the benefits of ISO 13857 2008?
Compliance
One of the main benefits of ISO 13857 2008 is that it helps you to comply with the legal and regulatory requirements for machine safety. ISO 13857 2008 is a harmonized standard under the European Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, which means that if you follow it, you are presumed to comply with the essential health and safety requirements of the directive. This can facilitate the CE marking process and the free movement of your products within the European market.
ISO 13857 2008 is also recognized and referenced by other international and national standards and regulations, such as ANSI B11.19 in the USA, CSA Z432 in Canada, AS/NZS 4024 in Australia and New Zealand, etc. This can help you to meet the expectations and demands of your customers and stakeholders in different regions and markets.
Safety
Another benefit of ISO 13857 2008 is that it helps you to prevent accidents and injuries involving machines and equipment. By applying ISO 13857 2008, you can ensure that the danger zones are adequately guarded and that people cannot access them by reaching over, under, around or through the guards. This can reduce the risk of contact with hazards such as crushing, shearing, cutting, entanglement, etc.
13857 2008, you can ensure that the safety distances are realistic and appropriate for different age groups and situations.
Efficiency
A third benefit of ISO 13857 2008 is that it helps you to improve productivity and performance of your machines and equipment. By applying ISO 13857 2008, you can optimize the design and layout of your machines and guards, and avoid unnecessary or excessive safety distances that could hinder the operation or maintenance of the machines. This can increase the availability and usability of your machines and equipment, and reduce the downtime and costs associated with safety issues.
ISO 13857 2008 also provides a clear and consistent method for calculating and measuring safety distances, which can save you time and resources in the design and verification stages. By using ISO 13857 2008, you can avoid ambiguity and confusion, and ensure that your safety distances are compliant and reliable.
What are the challenges of ISO 13857 2008?
Limitations
One of the challenges of ISO 13857 2008 is that it has some limitations and drawbacks that you need to be aware of. ISO 13857 2008 only applies to machines where a part of the human body could enter a danger zone due to reaching over, under, around or through a guard. It does not apply to machines where access by climbing over guards is foreseeable or where other parts of the human body such as head, torso or feet could enter danger zones.
ISO 13857 2008 also only covers hazards that are caused by mechanical movements or parts of machines. It does not cover hazards that are caused by other sources such as electricity, radiation, noise, temperature, chemicals, etc. You need to consider these other hazards and their effects on safety distances when designing and guarding your machines.
Updates
Another challenge of ISO 13857 2008 is that it is subject to revision and update. ISO 13857 2008 was published in 2008 and replaced the previous version of ISO 13857 from 1998. Since then, there have been some changes and developments in the field of machine safety, such as new technologies, new hazards, new regulations, etc. These changes may affect the validity and applicability of ISO 13857 2008 in the future.
13857 2008 and make sure that you use the latest and most relevant version of the standard. You can check the official website of ISO (www.iso.org) for any updates or amendments to ISO 13857 2008.
Alternatives
A third challenge of ISO 13857 2008 is that it is not the only standard or method for machine safety. There are other standards and methods that may be more suitable or preferable for your specific machines or situations. For example, you may use ISO 14120 for general requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards, ISO 14122 for permanent means of access to machinery, ISO 12100 for general principles for risk assessment and risk reduction, etc.
Therefore, you need to compare and evaluate different standards and methods and choose the best one for your needs and goals. You also need to ensure that your chosen standard or method is compatible and consistent with other standards and regulations that apply to your machines and equipment.
How to get ISO 13857 2008 PDF?
Sources
If you want to get ISO 13857 2008 in PDF format, you have several options. One option is to buy it from the official website of ISO (www.iso.org). You can search for ISO 13857 2008 in the online catalogue and add it to your shopping cart. The price of ISO 13857 2008 PDF is CHF 118 (Swiss francs), which is equivalent to about USD 130 (US dollars) as of June 2023. You can pay by credit card or PayPal and download the PDF file immediately after purchase.
Another option is to buy it from other online sources that sell ISO standards, such as ANSI (www.ansi.org), BSI (www.bsigroup.com), SAI Global (www.saiglobal.com), etc. These sources may offer different prices and delivery options for ISO 13857 2008 PDF. You need to compare and choose the best source for your budget and convenience.
A third option is to access it from online libraries or databases that provide access to ISO standards, such as IEEE Xplore (ieeexplore.ieee.org), Knovel (app.knovel.com), etc. These sources may require a subscription or membership fee to access ISO standards, but they may also offer other benefits such as additional features, tools, resources, etc. You need to check the availability and conditions of access to ISO standards from these sources.
Costs
13857 2008 PDF from the ISO website is CHF 118, which is equivalent to about USD 130. However, you may find different prices from other online sources that sell ISO standards, ranging from USD 100 to USD 200 or more. You may also incur additional costs such as shipping, handling, taxes, etc. depending on the delivery option you choose.
If you access ISO 13857 2008 PDF from online libraries or databases that provide access to ISO standards, you may need to pay a subscription or membership fee to use these sources. The fee may vary depending on the type and duration of the subscription or membership, the number and range of standards you can access, the features and tools you can use, etc. The fee may range from USD 50 to USD 500 or more per year.
Therefore, you need to consider your budget and needs and choose the most cost-effective and convenient way to get ISO 13857 2008 PDF.
Tips
Here are some tips and best practices for using ISO 13857 2008 PDF:
Make sure that you have a compatible software and device to open and view PDF files. You may need to download and install a PDF reader such as Adobe Acrobat Reader (get.adobe.com/reader) or Foxit Reader (www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader).
Make sure that you have a reliable and secure internet connection to download and access PDF files. You may need to use a VPN (virtual private network) or a proxy server to bypass any restrictions or blocks that may prevent you from accessing certain websites or sources.
Make sure that you have a backup copy of your PDF files in case of any loss or damage. You may need to use a cloud storage service such as Google Drive (drive.google.com), Dropbox (www.dropbox.com), or OneDrive (onedrive.live.com) to store and sync your PDF files across different devices.
Make sure that you have a printer and paper if you want to print your PDF files. You may need to adjust the print settings such as orientation, size, margins, etc. to optimize the quality and readability of your printed documents.
Make sure that you have a reference manager or citation generator if you want to cite or reference your PDF files in your academic or professional work. You may need to use a tool such as Zotero (www.zotero.org), Mendeley (www.mendeley.com), or EndNote (endnote.com) to organize and format your citations and references according to different styles and standards.
Conclusion
In conclusion, ISO 13857 2008 is an international standard that specifies the safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs and lower limbs of people in industrial environments. It provides a method for calculating and measuring safety distances based on various factors such as body dimensions, clothing, speed of movement, nature and frequency of access, type and severity of hazard, etc.
ISO 13857 2008 has many benefits such as helping you to comply with legal and regulatory requirements for machine safety, preventing accidents and injuries involving machines and equipment, and improving productivity and performance of your machines and equipment. However, it also has some challenges such as having some limitations and drawbacks that you need to be aware of, being subject to revision and update, and not being the only standard or method for machine safety.
, you have several options such as buying it from the official website of ISO or other online sources that sell ISO standards, accessing it from online libraries or databases that provide access to ISO standards, or using a VPN or a proxy server to bypass any restrictions or blocks. You also need to consider the costs and tips for using ISO 13857 2008 PDF.
We hope that this article has given you a comprehensive and useful overview of ISO 13857 2008 and how to get it in PDF format. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us. Thank you for reading and stay safe!
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about ISO 13857 2008 and PDF format:
What is the difference between ISO 13857 2008 and ISO 13855 2010?
ISO 13857 2008 and ISO 13855 2010 are both standards that deal with safety distances for machine guarding. However, they have different scopes and objectives. ISO 13857 2008 applies to machines where a part of the human body could enter a danger zone due to reaching over, under, around or through a guard. ISO 13855 2010 applies to machines where a part of the human body could approach a danger zone due to walking or standing on a horizontal plane. ISO 13855 2010 provides guidance on how to determine the minimum distance from the danger zone to the protective device (such as a light curtain or a pressure-sensitive mat) that stops or reverses the movement of the machine.
How can I convert ISO 13857 2008 PDF to other formats such as Word or Excel?
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How can I edit ISO 13857 2008 PDF?
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How can I share ISO 13857 2008 PDF with others?
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How can I learn more about ISO 13857 2008?
If you want to learn more about ISO 13857 2008, you can use online resources such as ISO (www.iso.org), ANSI (ww